Thursday, August 27, 2020

The Relevancy that Zionism Possess in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Official SummaryThÐ µ struggle bð µtwð µÃ° µn thð µ Israð µlis and thð µ Palð µstinians was a consð µquð µncð µ of onð µ of thð µ generally heavenly and crð µativð µ movð µmð µnts of thð µ last cð µntury: modð µrn Zionism. A hundrð µd yð µars prior, somð µ of thð µ most crucial Ð µlð µmð µnts in thð µ Jð µwish people group all ovð µr thð µ world attð µmptð µd to join thð µ modð µrn world by rð µjð µcting thð µ lack of involvement of thð µir ancið µnt mð µssianic rÐ µligion.ThÐ µ Zionists imagined that Jð µws would achið µvð µ a sort of rð µdð µmption by cð µasing to bð µ diffð µrð µnt from and pð µrsð µcutð µd by thð µ countries of thð µ world. Somð µhow, thð µy thought, thð µ inð µvitablð µ distresses and clashes with thð µ Arabs would bð µ rð µsolvð µd. Thð µ Jð µws would discover pð µacð µ and accð µptancð µ in thð µ land whð µrð µ thð µir ancð µstors had oncð µ fashionð µd thð µir rð µligion and cultu rð µ. Be that as it may, it was not to bð µ. Instð µad, from its vð µry bð µginning to this vð µry day, Zionism has confrontð µd a cð µntury of war.This papð µr examine thð µ issuð µ of Jð µws on thð µ place that is known for Palð µstinð µ is vð µry complð µx. Thð µ patriots bð µlið µvð µ that thð µ Jð µwish pð µoplð µ will bð µ Ð µndangð µrð µd unlð µss thð µir basð µ is rð µ-Ð µstablishð µd in thð µir ancið µnt homð µland. Along these lines nð µithð µr gathering can Ð µvð µr award thð µ ultimatð µ Palð µstinian dð µmand that thð µ Jð µws cð µasð µ thð µir aggrð µssion and go Ð µlsð µwhð µrð µ. Modð µrn Zionism bð µgan with thð µ vision of a â€Å"normalizð µd† Jð µwish pð µoplð µ, a country among countries that would bð µ part of thð µ world starting at right. Thð µ most significant Jð µwish dð µmand is thð µrð µforð µ that at thð µ Ð µnd of thð µ pð µacð µ procð µss, thð µ Arabs agrð µÃ° µ that thð µ Jð µws' Ð µxistð µncð µ in thð µ rð µgion is pð µrmanð µnt and can nð µvð µr again bð µ quÐ µstionÐ µd.ThÐ µ Rð µlð µvancy that Zionism Possð µss in thð µ Arab-Israð µli ConflictThÐ µ struggle bð µtwð µÃ° µn Zionism and thð µ Arab statð µs has bð µÃ° µn thð µ focal point of intð µrnational attð µntion sincð µ thð µ Ð µnd of World War I. It was a subjð µct of major concð µrn to thð µ old Lð µaguð µ of Nations; aftð µr World War II, it was onð µ of thð µ first disputð µs in which thð µ Unitð µd Nations (U.N.) was involvð µd. For some yð µars, it was a factor in thð µ Cold War bð µtwð µÃ° µn thð µ Sovið µt Union and thð µ Wð µst. (Smith, 1992) Morð µ than a large portion of a dozð µn spð µcial U.N. associations havð µ bð µÃ° µn crð µatð µd to dð µal with thð µ circumstance. (Rð µich, Ð µt al., 1996)ThÐ µ clash has cð µntð µrð µd on thð µ strugglð µ bð µtwð µÃ° µn Zionism, or Jð µwish patriotism, and Arab patr iotism for control of Palð µstinð µ. (Yonah, 1973) It has involvð µd not just thð µ Jð µwish and Arab occupants of Palð µstinð µ yet additionally thð µir rð µspð µctivð µ supportð µrs around thð µ world, that is, both Jð µwish and non-Jð µwish advocatð µs of a Jð µwish statð µ and thð µ 21 mð µmbð µrs of thð µ Arab Lð µaguð µ and thð µir supportð µrs all through thð µ Islamic and numerous Third World countries. (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998)PalÐ µstinÐ µ didn't Ð µxist as a sð µparatð µ political Ð µntity until Grð µat Britain took ovð µr thð µ nation at thð µ Ð µnd of World War I. From 1517 until 1918, Palð µstinð µ was a piece of thð µ Ottoman Еmpirð µ. (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998) Prior to thð µ Ottoman Ð µra, thð µ nation had parcel of rulð µrs. Jð µwish, and latð µr Zionist, cases to Palð µstinð µ dð µrivð µ from scriptural records of ancið µnt Hð µbrð µw tribð µs and Israð µlitð µ realms that Ð µxistð µd in thð µ nation. (Smith, 1992)PalÐ µstinÐ µ is likewise critical to Christianity and Islam. Jð µsus Christ was conceived and dið µd in Palð µstinð µ and livð µd a large portion of his lifð µ thð µrð µ. Palð µstinð µ bð µcamð µ an Arab and Islamic nation somð µ 1,300 yð µars prior whð µn tribð µs from thð µ Arabian pð µninsula conquð µrð µd it during thð µir swð µÃ° µp through thð µ Middlð µ Еast aftð µr thð µ dð µath of thð µ Prophð µt Muhammad. (Frð µÃ° µdman, 1979)ThÐ µ Arab-Israð µli struggle originatð µd in thð µ contð µst among Еuropð µan powð µrs to control thð µ Arab tð µrritorið µs of thð µ Ottoman Еmpirð µ. Exactly at thð µ timð µ that Arabs bð µgan to dð µvð µlop thð µir own sð µnsð µ of patriotism, thð µy discovered thð µir drð µams contð µstð µd by Еuropð µan desire and by thð µ countð µrclaims of thð µ nð µw Jð µwish patriot movð µmð µnt that arosð µ in Еuropð µ. Notwithstanding fð µaring Ð •uropð µan expansionism, rð µsidð µnts of Arab provincð µs bð µgan to fð µar thð µ Zionist movð µmð µnt. (Smith, 1992)A sð µnsð µ of Jð µwish patriotism was Ð µmð µrging in Еuropð µ in thð µ 1880s, in rð µaction to dð µÃ° µp-sð µatð µd hostile to Sð µmitism and to thð µ trouble that Jð µws facð µd acclimatizing into Еuropð µan socið µty. Zionists fð µlt that Jð µws couldn't bð µ completely accð µptð µd in Еuropð µ and that thð µy nð µÃ° µdð µd to rulð µ thð µir own indð µpð µndð µnt statð µ. In spite of the fact that Zionism attractð µd limitð µd support in thð µ formativð µ pð µriod, Jð µwish migration to Palð µstinð µ from 1882 to 1914 incrð µasð µd thð µ numbð µr of Jð µwish rð µsidð µnts from 6 pð µrcð µnt to 10 pð µrcð µnt of thð µ populace thð µrð µ. (Smith, 1992)ThÐ µ World Zionist Organization (WZO), foundð µd in 1897 (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998), assistð µd outsiders and purchased land with thà ° µ point of crð µating a Jð µwish statð µ in Palð µstinð µ. Whð µn thð µ Palð µstinian rð µsidð µnts protð µstð µd against thð µsð µ political points, thð µ Ottoman rulð µrs trið µd to rð µstrict Jð µwish movement and purchasð µ of land. (Nð µff, 1995)â This Jð µwish patriotism clashð µd with thð µ patriotism of thð µ Palð µstinian Arabs, who comprisð µd 90 pð µrcð µnt of thð µ rð µsidð µnts. (Smith, 1992)ThÐ µ Arabs' bittð µrnð µss ovð µr thð µ Palð µstinians' fatð µ bð µgan to bð µ matchð µd by Zionist threatening vibe toward British rulð µ at thð µ Ð µnd of thð µ 1930s. (Nð µff, 1995) Although thð µ official Zionist lð µadð µrship dð µcidð µd not to Ð µngagð µ in armð µd strugglð µ against British rulð µ whilð µ Britain was battling Hitlð µr's Gð µrmany, somð µ Zionist splintð µr bunches wagð µd a crusade of tð µrrorism against thð µ required organization, Ð µvð µn during World War II. (Davidson, 1996) Aftð µr thð µ war Ð µndð µd, official Zionist-British rð µlations in Palð µstinð µ dð µtð µrioratð µd into a tð µnsð µ, and somð µtimð µs violð µnt, showdown. (Frð µÃ° µdman, 1979)World War II lð µd to a groundswð µll of help in thð µ Unitð µd Statð µs and Еuropð µ for a Jð µwish statð µ, as a rð µsult of stun at thð µ Nazis' nð µar demolition of Еuropð µan Jð µwry. (Smith, 1992) Zionists hardð µnð µd thð µir political position, demanding that thð µ Jð µwish statð µ must Ð µncompass all of Palð µstinð µ bð µcausð µ that statð µ would sð µrvð µ as thð µ havð µn for world Jð µwry. Thð µ war likewise crð µatð µd a massivð µ problð µm of displacð µd pð µrsons in Еuropð µ, ovð µr onð µ hundrð µd thousand of whom wð µrð µ JÐ µws.Zionist lð µadð µrs pointð µd to thð µ lð µgal barrið µrs hindð µring thð µ migration of Jð µws to thð µ Unitð µd Statð µs and othð µr countrið µs, and emphatically supportð µd thð µ r ð µcommð µndation of thð µ Anglo-Amð µrican Committð µÃ° µ of Inquiry in 1946 that thosð µ onð µ hundrð µd thousand Holocaust survivors sð µttlð µ in Palð µstinð µ. (Smith, 1992) Thð µ loss of Palð µstinð µ Ð µmbittð µrð µd Arabs against thð µ Еuropð µan provincial powð µrs that had carvð µd up thð µir land and aidð µd Zionism. (Yonah, 1973) But thð µ dð µfð µat additionally lð µd to sð µlf-analysis. Bedouin pð µoplð µs dð µnouncð µd thð µir rulð µrs for defilement, and Arab soldið µrs dð µnouncð µd thð µir military officð µrs for incompð µtð µncð µ. (Wagnð µr, 2003)ThÐ µ Zionist charactð µr of thð µ statð µ of Israð µl has rð µmainð µd thð µ major cornð µrstonð µ of thð µ Palð µstinian-Israð µli struggle sincð µ 1948. (Gilland, 2003) As such it must bð µ undð µrstood if any mð µaningful, reasonable and only answer for thð µ struggle is to bð µ considð µrð µd. Thð µ Zionism of Israð µl's charactð µr has rð µmai nð µd principally a sð µcular Jð µwish patriotism; by dð µfinition, it has to do with thð µ Jð µwish pð µoplð µ. (Stð µrnhð µll, 2004)ThÐ µ Palð µstinian position has nð µvð µr rð µally bð µÃ° µn facð µd by thð µ Israð µlis and thð µir supportð µrs all through thð µ world. Zionists, both in Israð µl and abroad, arð µ Ð µssð µntially Wð µstð µrnð µrs who bð µlið µvð µ that problð µms havð µ normal arrangements and that agð µ-old rð µligious or patriot quarrð µls can ultimatð µly bð µ solvð µd by compromisð µ. (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998)Zionism has bð µÃ° µn a grð µat succð µss and a grð µat failurð µ. (Gilland, 2003) Thð µ succð µss is thð µ crð µation of a viablð µ Jð µwish Statð µ with a populace that includð µs practically half thð µ world's Jð µws. (Mattair, 1992) Thð µ failurð µ is that it has provokð µd Arab Ð µnmity to such a dð µgrð µÃ° µ, that a military dð µfð µat of Israð µl would bð µ followð µd by a sð µcond Holocaust. (Rð µÃ° µs, Hamad and Klð µin, 2003) Israð µl was Ð µstablishð µd in ordð µr to providð µ a havð µn from pð µrsð µcution, however has bð µcomð µ thð µ nation in which Jð µws run thð µ

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Investigation - Case Study Example In the United States McDonalds is viewed as liable for the expanding pace of heftiness in the nation and is affirmed of advancing unfortunate food items and subsequently it has made a danger for the organization. For a successful maintainability of the organization, it is fundamental to embrace a compelling advertising system that would advance solid food items just as the wellbeing dangers from their utilization (Currie, Vigna, Moretti and Pathania 1-41). McDonalds are finding a way to improve its picture through advancing sound nourishments. McDonald’s is among the biggest inexpensive food organizations that work everywhere throughout the world having its head quarter in the United States. For as far back as quite a long while, organization is confronting a few issues seeing their showcasing technique just as unsafe effects on the individuals because of the utilization of their inexpensive food. It has been found through review that a higher level of stoutness everywhere throughout the world including the United States is caused because of expanding pace of utilization of inexpensive food. This is making a danger for McDonalds brand picture in the USA. Notwithstanding, McDonalds is utilizing different advertising techniques to advance its food as sound. Weight is commonly a metabolic issue through which overabundance fat is collected in the body that adversely influences the wellbeing state of an individual, prompting other constant ailments. Level of corpulence is estimated with the assistance of Body Mass Index (BMI) and a person in the Western nations are considered as hefty if his/her BMI surpasses 30 kg/m2 . The explanation behind the expanding pace of stoutness in the United States is considered because of the high admission of cheap food and less physical movement. In any case, the administration of the United States considered McDonalds as the primary offender for the expanding pace of corpulence in the nation and actualized different strategies for confining the showcasing exercises that would make moron of the individuals. In the year 2003, two heftiness suits were made

Friday, August 21, 2020

Writing A Good Jesus Essay Topic

Writing A Good Jesus Essay TopicJesuses are really good subjects for high school students who want to write their own Jesus Essay Topics. They can be challenging but it is a good way to be introduced to various topics that may come up in college. A good article can stand out in the college admissions essay. It should also do a lot of good in the Jesus Essay Topics.There are several issues and questions that need to be addressed when writing about Jesus. Some of these issues might include his nature, divinity, his real purpose, and his message. The 'message' of Jesus can be the most difficult aspect of any Jesus Essay Topic. However, when an author gives a clear presentation of the good works that Jesus did, the bad that he did, and what he stood for, the uniqueness of Jesus in the world can be revealed. A Christian can also present that Jesus was not only known by miracles and teachings, but he was also known for being a father, son, husband, and friend.One good way to address the un iqueness of Jesus is to offer examples. The topic should be unique people can tell all about it. For example, the people who grew up near Jesus, the people who walked with him, the people who received him in a trance, the virgin birth, healing of the sick, and other miracles that Jesus did cannot be duplicated. Because of this, it is important to emphasize that there are no two people who look at the same Jesus. There is only one person who is unique.This is not the first time that someone has written about Jesus and offered a unique argument. Therefore, there is nothing to fear in presenting a unique 'I have a story about Jesus' essay topic. The point should be that a true story must be written from a unique perspective. This is an important consideration that a writer must keep in mind when thinking about aunique Jesus Essay Topic.Sometimes, the uniqueness of a story can be best expressed through the way that it was told, as well as the people who tell it. Jesus, like other famous people, was known for being brutally and mercilessly treated by his opponents. Many people claimed that Jesus begged and pleaded for his life, and some accounts speak of how the angry crowds tried to kill Jesus. In these stories, Jesus faced unspeakable injustice from those that despised him.There are a few good topics to address this tragedy that happened to Jesus. For example, the Bible might offer different details about how Jesus was arrested and crucified. Other stories may emphasize the fact that he was 'crucified by the hands of men' and not by God. Although many people are likely to reject these stories, they are better than the alternative.The most popular Jesus Story is probably that which covers how Jesus was betrayed. There are a number of different accounts and opinions on this story. An important part of this Jesus Essay Topic is to be able to present the best possible version of this important and emotional event.Jesus is very popular, and this popularity has attract ed a large number of people to write about their views on the subject. Since so many of them have different points of view, it is likely that a writer may get conflicting messages from the best sources. These articles can then have many difficulties in presenting a well-rounded Jesus essay topic. It is recommended that a Christian to choose a well-written Jesus Essay Topic that presents both positive and negative points of view.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Critical Thinking Skills For Nursing School Essay - 953 Words

INTRODUCTION Organizational effectiveness depends upon the internal components of a business. For a hospital or a health care organization the internal components are the nurses and healthcare workers within the hospital. Business rely on their employees to make the business successful. For a healthcare organization of any kind to be successful their nurses must have and maintain critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills often evolve over time with past experiences. This is why there must be a nice blend of new and old employees within a unit to make the organization effective and to keep the patients safe. However, critical thinking skills must being in nursing school. Institutions must help facilitate higher level of thinking to help evolve critical thinking skills in order to have the best outcomes for their patients. Better outcomes equal higher payouts for the business, so it is in everyone’s best interest to educate their staff and continue to strive for success. CRITICAL THINKING Critical thinking is a term you will often here in regards to nursing education and the ability to be a successful nurse. Critical thinking is one of the most important skills of a nurse. Nurses must be able to constantly asses and analyze situations in order to prioritize what is the most important task to accomplish next. This is an ever changing situation in health care and especially in the Intensive Care Units. A critical thinker is â€Å"habitually inquisitive,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Literacy In Education1263 Words   |  6 Pagesliteracy skills in order to adapt to the rapid changes and technology advancements in our society. Literacy is the ability to read and write, however, adolescents are expected to read and write at a certain level that will make them successful in today’s world. The ability to be literate allows people to accomplish many things in life because it improves one’s self-esteem, economic opportunities, and engag ement with others. 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The Remediation by Topic section offers students summaries of topics like Confidentiality, Critical Thinking Skills, and HIPAA. The Focused Review Test section offers an optionRead MoreAll Of My General Education Courses Included Writing Papers,1062 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent types of literature, and utilizing speaking skills. Listening skills were also tied in when listening carefully to teachers, respecting classmates when presenting in front of the class, and during group projects. Truthfully, I hated group projects, especially in my general education classes. Of ten times my partners were in different majors therefore had very differing schedules. 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I now work for Kaiser Permanente in a management position, pediatric clinical instructor and teach didactics part time for BSNRead MoreInnovative Teaching Strategies For Developing Students s Critical Thinking930 Words   |  4 PagesInnovative Teaching Strategies to Develop Student’s Critical Thinking As a result of the persisting, dramatic advancement of knowledge and technology in the medical field, it is absolutely essential that nurses embrace the idea that the learning process they began in nursing school, must continue throughout their entire career (Yildirim, Ozkahraman, Karabudak, 2011, p. 176). The development and ongoing cultivation of critical thinking skills is central to their ability to take on new ideas andRead MoreEssay Critical Thinking: Beneficial in Nursing Education519 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Nurses Association (ANA) recognizes that critical thinking (CT) is an integral part of each step in the nursing process (ANA, 2010). 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Friday, May 15, 2020

A Quantitative Estimation of Monthly Expenditure of...

Introduction University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), ranking No. 2 in the most recent nation’s †Top 20 Research Institution† in number of interna- tional students, currently has 8,203 international students from 115 coun- tries, which making up 20% of her total student enrollemt, and welcomes about 2,700 new international students annually. China, South Korea and India are the top 3 countries where about 71% of the total international students come from.1 For every international student, financial issue is one of the most con- cerned factors when planning advanced education abroad. Usually, before the application process, international students should already ensure their†¦show more content†¦1 Data from UIUC official website: www.illinois.edu. The survey concludes that for twenty years, accommadation stays as one of the main concerns expressed by students going abroad, and â€Å"its cost also rep- resents an important part of the monthly expenses, which largely depends on facilities provided by the host institutions† (Carbonell, 2007). In the book â€Å"The interntional students’ handbook: living and studying in Australia†, the author Danny Ong (2009) ranks the expenditure of international students in order of importance: accommodation, food expenses, direct university ex- penses, essential cost, indirect university costs and personal/entertainment expenses. Claire Callender and Caroline Kempner (2000) in their research paper for DfEE2 states that the largest item of expenditure for all students is living cost, which absorbed about two-thirds of full time students’ aver- age total expenditure, followed by accommodation cost, participation and related cost and expenditure on children. They also point out that spending was constrained by income: part-time students spend more than full-time ones; the older spend more than the younger (Callender Kempner, 2000). The reason why Callender’s ranking of accommodation is different from the others has something to do with the different time period and countries where they conduct their research correspondingly. However, all of them rank

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Vaccines Work, By Maki Naro s Cartoon, And Vaccines

One of the biggest controversies in an everyday American life, is the role of the US government and how involved it should be in our everyday lives. Currently, one of these hot button issues is vaccination. Vaccines have been one of the biggest public health campaigns since the early 1900’s. However, currently vaccines are under fire from naysayers and the questions that Americans are asking are, â€Å"Are vaccines safe?† and â€Å"Do I really need to get one?† In Maki Naro’s cartoon, ‘Vaccines Work, Here Are the Facts’ Naro uses rhetorical devices such as story telling, logos, and ethos in his cartoon to successfully show the audience that vaccines work and are safe to use. The first rhetorical device used in the cartoon is story telling. Naro shows the story of Edward Jenner, an English scientist, who used milkmaids to test and show the world that if a person is exposed to ‘A’ then ‘B’ will happen. Naro helps to dep ict to the reader that scientists have been experimenting and creating ways to vaccinate people since the late 1700’s. Naro uses the device of story telling to show the reader that because these ideas have been around for so many years, that they are safe to use and trust. The author wants to prove to the audience that the idea of vaccination did not just pop into someone’s head just to make money. Rather, to show that humans have been experimenting with the idea of vaccination for hundreds of years. Miller 2 Naro’s goal in using this device is to show that vaccines

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Truth About Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students

The Truth About Thanksgiving Essay The truth behind the tradition is surprising. Thanksgiving and the Pilgrims seem to go together, but the truth is, the Pilgrims never held an autumnal Thanksgiving feast. However the Pilgrims did have a feast in 1621, after their first harvest, and it is this feast, which people often refer to as The First Thanksgiving. This feast was never repeated, though, so it cant be called the beginning of a tradition, nor was it termed by the colonists or Pilgrims a Thanksgiving Feast. In fact, a day of thanksgiving was a day of prayer and fasting, and would have been held any time that they felt an extra day of thanks was called for. Nevertheless, the 1621 feast has become a model that we think of for our own Thanksgiving. The Pilgrims were not the first people to have a celebration of this kind. Many other civilizations held festivals to celebrate the harvest. The ancient Greeks and Romans prayed to the gods and goddesses of the harvest, and also originated the idea of the cornucopiathe horn of plenty. The Jews celebrate the holiday Sukkot, which honors the awards of the harvest, and the Chinese enjoy the celebration of the Harvest Moon. Even native New Yorkers commemorate the harvest long before Thanksgiving arrives. Pumpkins, apples and corn are abundant in the open-air markets of the city beginning in late September. The autumn of 1621 yielded a plentiful harvest and the Pilgrims, gathered together with the Massasoit Indians to reap the awards of hard work. Celebrating Thanksgiving is like celebrating an even that includes the dead of over 11,000 Wampanoag Indians died due to illnesses that they contracted from white settlers. The truth of the matter is, when the Pilgrims arrived, they found an abandoned Wampanoag village and moved right in. In 1618, a massive epidemic of an unknown disease left by English explorers swept across Wampanoag country and decimated many of the villages. This epidemic caused the death of ten to thirty percent of the total population and all but a few of the 2,000 people of the village of Patuxet. When the Pilgrims arrived in 1620, they landed at Patuxet with no idea of what had occurred. At this point, there were only about 2,000 members left in the Wampanoag tribe, down from 12,000 in 1600. Despite the incredible losses to his people, Wampanoag leader Massasoit and 90 of his men sat down for a harvest celebration offered by the white men. For three days the Wampanoag and Pilgrims feasted on deer, wild turkey, fish, beans, squash, corn and other foods native to North America. Although the celebration was good-natured, this event truly signifies the beginning of a drastic decline of native culture and Thanksgiving would be more fittingly observed as a day of mourning rather than a celebration. In the years that followed, skirmishes occurred and more Native Americans were killed. In 1637, English soldiers massacred 700 Pequot men, women and children as an example of the English way of war, yet we still celebrate Thanksgiving as a joyful event. So, as we sit down for our Thanksgiving dinner, let us consider the words of Frank James in his 1970 speech: Today is a time of celebrating for you. .. but it is not a time of celebrating for me. It is with a heavy heart that I look back upon what happened to my people. When the Pilgrims arrived, we, the Wampanoags, welcomed them with open arms, little knowing that it was the beginning of the end.American History