The Relevancy that Zionism Possess in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Official SummaryThÐ µ struggle bð µtwð µÃ° µn thð µ Israð µlis and thð µ Palð µstinians was a consð µquð µncð µ of onð µ of thð µ generally heavenly and crð µativð µ movð µmð µnts of thð µ last cð µntury: modð µrn Zionism. A hundrð µd yð µars prior, somð µ of thð µ most crucial Ð µlð µmð µnts in thð µ Jð µwish people group all ovð µr thð µ world attð µmptð µd to join thð µ modð µrn world by rð µjð µcting thð µ lack of involvement of thð µir ancið µnt mð µssianic rÐ µligion.ThÐ µ Zionists imagined that Jð µws would achið µvð µ a sort of rð µdð µmption by cð µasing to bð µ diffð µrð µnt from and pð µrsð µcutð µd by thð µ countries of thð µ world. Somð µhow, thð µy thought, thð µ inð µvitablð µ distresses and clashes with thð µ Arabs would bð µ rð µsolvð µd. Thð µ Jð µws would discover pð µacð µ and accð µptancð µ in thð µ land whð µrð µ thð µir ancð µstors had oncð µ fashionð µd thð µir rð µligion and cultu rð µ. Be that as it may, it was not to bð µ. Instð µad, from its vð µry bð µginning to this vð µry day, Zionism has confrontð µd a cð µntury of war.This papð µr examine thð µ issuð µ of Jð µws on thð µ place that is known for Palð µstinð µ is vð µry complð µx. Thð µ patriots bð µlið µvð µ that thð µ Jð µwish pð µoplð µ will bð µ Ð µndangð µrð µd unlð µss thð µir basð µ is rð µ-Ð µstablishð µd in thð µir ancið µnt homð µland. Along these lines nð µithð µr gathering can Ð µvð µr award thð µ ultimatð µ Palð µstinian dð µmand that thð µ Jð µws cð µasð µ thð µir aggrð µssion and go Ð µlsð µwhð µrð µ. Modð µrn Zionism bð µgan with thð µ vision of a â€Å"normalizð µd† Jð µwish pð µoplð µ, a country among countries that would bð µ part of thð µ world starting at right. Thð µ most significant Jð µwish dð µmand is thð µrð µforð µ that at thð µ Ð µnd of thð µ pð µacð µ procð µss, thð µ Arabs agrð µÃ° µ that thð µ Jð µws' Ð µxistð µncð µ in thð µ rð µgion is pð µrmanð µnt and can nð µvð µr again bð µ quÐ µstionÐ µd.ThÐ µ Rð µlð µvancy that Zionism Possð µss in thð µ Arab-Israð µli ConflictThÐ µ struggle bð µtwð µÃ° µn Zionism and thð µ Arab statð µs has bð µÃ° µn thð µ focal point of intð µrnational attð µntion sincð µ thð µ Ð µnd of World War I. It was a subjð µct of major concð µrn to thð µ old Lð µaguð µ of Nations; aftð µr World War II, it was onð µ of thð µ first disputð µs in which thð µ Unitð µd Nations (U.N.) was involvð µd. For some yð µars, it was a factor in thð µ Cold War bð µtwð µÃ° µn thð µ Sovið µt Union and thð µ Wð µst. (Smith, 1992) Morð µ than a large portion of a dozð µn spð µcial U.N. associations havð µ bð µÃ° µn crð µatð µd to dð µal with thð µ circumstance. (Rð µich, Ð µt al., 1996)ThÐ µ clash has cð µntð µrð µd on thð µ strugglð µ bð µtwð µÃ° µn Zionism, or Jð µwish patriotism, and Arab patr iotism for control of Palð µstinð µ. (Yonah, 1973) It has involvð µd not just thð µ Jð µwish and Arab occupants of Palð µstinð µ yet additionally thð µir rð µspð µctivð µ supportð µrs around thð µ world, that is, both Jð µwish and non-Jð µwish advocatð µs of a Jð µwish statð µ and thð µ 21 mð µmbð µrs of thð µ Arab Lð µaguð µ and thð µir supportð µrs all through thð µ Islamic and numerous Third World countries. (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998)PalÐ µstinÐ µ didn't Ð µxist as a sð µparatð µ political Ð µntity until Grð µat Britain took ovð µr thð µ nation at thð µ Ð µnd of World War I. From 1517 until 1918, Palð µstinð µ was a piece of thð µ Ottoman Еmpirð µ. (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998) Prior to thð µ Ottoman Ð µra, thð µ nation had parcel of rulð µrs. Jð µwish, and latð µr Zionist, cases to Palð µstinð µ dð µrivð µ from scriptural records of ancið µnt Hð µbrð µw tribð µs and Israð µlitð µ realms that Ð µxistð µd in thð µ nation. (Smith, 1992)PalÐ µstinÐ µ is likewise critical to Christianity and Islam. Jð µsus Christ was conceived and dið µd in Palð µstinð µ and livð µd a large portion of his lifð µ thð µrð µ. Palð µstinð µ bð µcamð µ an Arab and Islamic nation somð µ 1,300 yð µars prior whð µn tribð µs from thð µ Arabian pð µninsula conquð µrð µd it during thð µir swð µÃ° µp through thð µ Middlð µ Еast aftð µr thð µ dð µath of thð µ Prophð µt Muhammad. (Frð µÃ° µdman, 1979)ThÐ µ Arab-Israð µli struggle originatð µd in thð µ contð µst among Еuropð µan powð µrs to control thð µ Arab tð µrritorið µs of thð µ Ottoman Еmpirð µ. Exactly at thð µ timð µ that Arabs bð µgan to dð µvð µlop thð µir own sð µnsð µ of patriotism, thð µy discovered thð µir drð µams contð µstð µd by Еuropð µan desire and by thð µ countð µrclaims of thð µ nð µw Jð µwish patriot movð µmð µnt that arosð µ in Еuropð µ. Notwithstanding fð µaring Ð •uropð µan expansionism, rð µsidð µnts of Arab provincð µs bð µgan to fð µar thð µ Zionist movð µmð µnt. (Smith, 1992)A sð µnsð µ of Jð µwish patriotism was Ð µmð µrging in Еuropð µ in thð µ 1880s, in rð µaction to dð µÃ° µp-sð µatð µd hostile to Sð µmitism and to thð µ trouble that Jð µws facð µd acclimatizing into Еuropð µan socið µty. Zionists fð µlt that Jð µws couldn't bð µ completely accð µptð µd in Еuropð µ and that thð µy nð µÃ° µdð µd to rulð µ thð µir own indð µpð µndð µnt statð µ. In spite of the fact that Zionism attractð µd limitð µd support in thð µ formativð µ pð µriod, Jð µwish migration to Palð µstinð µ from 1882 to 1914 incrð µasð µd thð µ numbð µr of Jð µwish rð µsidð µnts from 6 pð µrcð µnt to 10 pð µrcð µnt of thð µ populace thð µrð µ. (Smith, 1992)ThÐ µ World Zionist Organization (WZO), foundð µd in 1897 (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998), assistð µd outsiders and purchased land with thà ° µ point of crð µating a Jð µwish statð µ in Palð µstinð µ. Whð µn thð µ Palð µstinian rð µsidð µnts protð µstð µd against thð µsð µ political points, thð µ Ottoman rulð µrs trið µd to rð µstrict Jð µwish movement and purchasð µ of land. (Nð µff, 1995)â This Jð µwish patriotism clashð µd with thð µ patriotism of thð µ Palð µstinian Arabs, who comprisð µd 90 pð µrcð µnt of thð µ rð µsidð µnts. (Smith, 1992)ThÐ µ Arabs' bittð µrnð µss ovð µr thð µ Palð µstinians' fatð µ bð µgan to bð µ matchð µd by Zionist threatening vibe toward British rulð µ at thð µ Ð µnd of thð µ 1930s. (Nð µff, 1995) Although thð µ official Zionist lð µadð µrship dð µcidð µd not to Ð µngagð µ in armð µd strugglð µ against British rulð µ whilð µ Britain was battling Hitlð µr's Gð µrmany, somð µ Zionist splintð µr bunches wagð µd a crusade of tð µrrorism against thð µ required organization, Ð µvð µn during World War II. (Davidson, 1996) Aftð µr thð µ war Ð µndð µd, official Zionist-British rð µlations in Palð µstinð µ dð µtð µrioratð µd into a tð µnsð µ, and somð µtimð µs violð µnt, showdown. (Frð µÃ° µdman, 1979)World War II lð µd to a groundswð µll of help in thð µ Unitð µd Statð µs and Еuropð µ for a Jð µwish statð µ, as a rð µsult of stun at thð µ Nazis' nð µar demolition of Еuropð µan Jð µwry. (Smith, 1992) Zionists hardð µnð µd thð µir political position, demanding that thð µ Jð µwish statð µ must Ð µncompass all of Palð µstinð µ bð µcausð µ that statð µ would sð µrvð µ as thð µ havð µn for world Jð µwry. Thð µ war likewise crð µatð µd a massivð µ problð µm of displacð µd pð µrsons in Еuropð µ, ovð µr onð µ hundrð µd thousand of whom wð µrð µ JÐ µws.Zionist lð µadð µrs pointð µd to thð µ lð µgal barrið µrs hindð µring thð µ migration of Jð µws to thð µ Unitð µd Statð µs and othð µr countrið µs, and emphatically supportð µd thð µ r ð µcommð µndation of thð µ Anglo-Amð µrican Committð µÃ° µ of Inquiry in 1946 that thosð µ onð µ hundrð µd thousand Holocaust survivors sð µttlð µ in Palð µstinð µ. (Smith, 1992) Thð µ loss of Palð µstinð µ Ð µmbittð µrð µd Arabs against thð µ Еuropð µan provincial powð µrs that had carvð µd up thð µir land and aidð µd Zionism. (Yonah, 1973) But thð µ dð µfð µat additionally lð µd to sð µlf-analysis. Bedouin pð µoplð µs dð µnouncð µd thð µir rulð µrs for defilement, and Arab soldið µrs dð µnouncð µd thð µir military officð µrs for incompð µtð µncð µ. (Wagnð µr, 2003)ThÐ µ Zionist charactð µr of thð µ statð µ of Israð µl has rð µmainð µd thð µ major cornð µrstonð µ of thð µ Palð µstinian-Israð µli struggle sincð µ 1948. (Gilland, 2003) As such it must bð µ undð µrstood if any mð µaningful, reasonable and only answer for thð µ struggle is to bð µ considð µrð µd. Thð µ Zionism of Israð µl's charactð µr has rð µmai nð µd principally a sð µcular Jð µwish patriotism; by dð µfinition, it has to do with thð µ Jð µwish pð µoplð µ. (Stð µrnhð µll, 2004)ThÐ µ Palð µstinian position has nð µvð µr rð µally bð µÃ° µn facð µd by thð µ Israð µlis and thð µir supportð µrs all through thð µ world. Zionists, both in Israð µl and abroad, arð µ Ð µssð µntially Wð µstð µrnð µrs who bð µlið µvð µ that problð µms havð µ normal arrangements and that agð µ-old rð µligious or patriot quarrð µls can ultimatð µly bð µ solvð µd by compromisð µ. (Lð µsch and Tschirgi, 1998)Zionism has bð µÃ° µn a grð µat succð µss and a grð µat failurð µ. (Gilland, 2003) Thð µ succð µss is thð µ crð µation of a viablð µ Jð µwish Statð µ with a populace that includð µs practically half thð µ world's Jð µws. (Mattair, 1992) Thð µ failurð µ is that it has provokð µd Arab Ð µnmity to such a dð µgrð µÃ° µ, that a military dð µfð µat of Israð µl would bð µ followð µd by a sð µcond Holocaust. (Rð µÃ° µs, Hamad and Klð µin, 2003) Israð µl was Ð µstablishð µd in ordð µr to providð µ a havð µn from pð µrsð µcution, however has bð µcomð µ thð µ nation in which Jð µws run thð µ

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Investigation - Case Study Example In the United States McDonalds is viewed as liable for the expanding pace of heftiness in the nation and is affirmed of advancing unfortunate food items and subsequently it has made a danger for the organization. For a successful maintainability of the organization, it is fundamental to embrace a compelling advertising system that would advance solid food items just as the wellbeing dangers from their utilization (Currie, Vigna, Moretti and Pathania 1-41). McDonalds are finding a way to improve its picture through advancing sound nourishments. McDonald’s is among the biggest inexpensive food organizations that work everywhere throughout the world having its head quarter in the United States. For as far back as quite a long while, organization is confronting a few issues seeing their showcasing technique just as unsafe effects on the individuals because of the utilization of their inexpensive food. It has been found through review that a higher level of stoutness everywhere throughout the world including the United States is caused because of expanding pace of utilization of inexpensive food. This is making a danger for McDonalds brand picture in the USA. Notwithstanding, McDonalds is utilizing different advertising techniques to advance its food as sound. Weight is commonly a metabolic issue through which overabundance fat is collected in the body that adversely influences the wellbeing state of an individual, prompting other constant ailments. Level of corpulence is estimated with the assistance of Body Mass Index (BMI) and a person in the Western nations are considered as hefty if his/her BMI surpasses 30 kg/m2 . The explanation behind the expanding pace of stoutness in the United States is considered because of the high admission of cheap food and less physical movement. In any case, the administration of the United States considered McDonalds as the primary offender for the expanding pace of corpulence in the nation and actualized different strategies for confining the showcasing exercises that would make moron of the individuals. In the year 2003, two heftiness suits were made

Writing A Good Jesus Essay Topic

Writing A Good Jesus Essay TopicJesuses are really good subjects for high school students who want to write their own Jesus Essay Topics. They can be challenging but it is a good way to be introduced to various topics that may come up in college. A good article can stand out in the college admissions essay. It should also do a lot of good in the Jesus Essay Topics.There are several issues and questions that need to be addressed when writing about Jesus. Some of these issues might include his nature, divinity, his real purpose, and his message. The 'message' of Jesus can be the most difficult aspect of any Jesus Essay Topic. However, when an author gives a clear presentation of the good works that Jesus did, the bad that he did, and what he stood for, the uniqueness of Jesus in the world can be revealed. A Christian can also present that Jesus was not only known by miracles and teachings, but he was also known for being a father, son, husband, and friend.One good way to address the un iqueness of Jesus is to offer examples. The topic should be unique people can tell all about it. For example, the people who grew up near Jesus, the people who walked with him, the people who received him in a trance, the virgin birth, healing of the sick, and other miracles that Jesus did cannot be duplicated. Because of this, it is important to emphasize that there are no two people who look at the same Jesus. There is only one person who is unique.This is not the first time that someone has written about Jesus and offered a unique argument. Therefore, there is nothing to fear in presenting a unique 'I have a story about Jesus' essay topic. The point should be that a true story must be written from a unique perspective. This is an important consideration that a writer must keep in mind when thinking about aunique Jesus Essay Topic.Sometimes, the uniqueness of a story can be best expressed through the way that it was told, as well as the people who tell it. Jesus, like other famous people, was known for being brutally and mercilessly treated by his opponents. Many people claimed that Jesus begged and pleaded for his life, and some accounts speak of how the angry crowds tried to kill Jesus. In these stories, Jesus faced unspeakable injustice from those that despised him.There are a few good topics to address this tragedy that happened to Jesus. For example, the Bible might offer different details about how Jesus was arrested and crucified. Other stories may emphasize the fact that he was 'crucified by the hands of men' and not by God. Although many people are likely to reject these stories, they are better than the alternative.The most popular Jesus Story is probably that which covers how Jesus was betrayed. There are a number of different accounts and opinions on this story. An important part of this Jesus Essay Topic is to be able to present the best possible version of this important and emotional event.Jesus is very popular, and this popularity has attract ed a large number of people to write about their views on the subject. Since so many of them have different points of view, it is likely that a writer may get conflicting messages from the best sources. These articles can then have many difficulties in presenting a well-rounded Jesus essay topic. It is recommended that a Christian to choose a well-written Jesus Essay Topic that presents both positive and negative points of view.

Critical Thinking Skills For Nursing School Essay - 953 Words

INTRODUCTION Organizational effectiveness depends upon the internal components of a business. For a hospital or a health care organization the internal components are the nurses and healthcare workers within the hospital. Business rely on their employees to make the business successful. For a healthcare organization of any kind to be successful their nurses must have and maintain critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills often evolve over time with past experiences. This is why there must be a nice blend of new and old employees within a unit to make the organization effective and to keep the patients safe. However, critical thinking skills must being in nursing school. Institutions must help facilitate higher level of thinking to help evolve critical thinking skills in order to have the best outcomes for their patients. Better outcomes equal higher payouts for the business, so it is in everyone’s best interest to educate their staff and continue to strive for success. 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A Quantitative Estimation of Monthly Expenditure of...

Introduction University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), ranking No. 2 in the most recent nation’s †Top 20 Research Institution† in number of interna- tional students, currently has 8,203 international students from 115 coun- tries, which making up 20% of her total student enrollemt, and welcomes about 2,700 new international students annually. China, South Korea and India are the top 3 countries where about 71% of the total international students come from.1 For every international student, financial issue is one of the most con- cerned factors when planning advanced education abroad. Usually, before the application process, international students should already ensure their†¦show more content†¦1 Data from UIUC official website: www.illinois.edu. The survey concludes that for twenty years, accommadation stays as one of the main concerns expressed by students going abroad, and â€Å"its cost also rep- resents an important part of the monthly expenses, which largely depends on facilities provided by the host institutions† (Carbonell, 2007). In the book â€Å"The interntional students’ handbook: living and studying in Australia†, the author Danny Ong (2009) ranks the expenditure of international students in order of importance: accommodation, food expenses, direct university ex- penses, essential cost, indirect university costs and personal/entertainment expenses. Claire Callender and Caroline Kempner (2000) in their research paper for DfEE2 states that the largest item of expenditure for all students is living cost, which absorbed about two-thirds of full time students’ aver- age total expenditure, followed by accommodation cost, participation and related cost and expenditure on children. They also point out that spending was constrained by income: part-time students spend more than full-time ones; the older spend more than the younger (Callender Kempner, 2000). The reason why Callender’s ranking of accommodation is different from the others has something to do with the different time period and countries where they conduct their research correspondingly. However, all of them rank

Vaccines Work, By Maki Naro s Cartoon, And Vaccines

One of the biggest controversies in an everyday American life, is the role of the US government and how involved it should be in our everyday lives. Currently, one of these hot button issues is vaccination. Vaccines have been one of the biggest public health campaigns since the early 1900’s. However, currently vaccines are under fire from naysayers and the questions that Americans are asking are, â€Å"Are vaccines safe?† and â€Å"Do I really need to get one?† In Maki Naro’s cartoon, ‘Vaccines Work, Here Are the Facts’ Naro uses rhetorical devices such as story telling, logos, and ethos in his cartoon to successfully show the audience that vaccines work and are safe to use. The first rhetorical device used in the cartoon is story telling. Naro shows the story of Edward Jenner, an English scientist, who used milkmaids to test and show the world that if a person is exposed to ‘A’ then ‘B’ will happen. Naro helps to dep ict to the reader that scientists have been experimenting and creating ways to vaccinate people since the late 1700’s. Naro uses the device of story telling to show the reader that because these ideas have been around for so many years, that they are safe to use and trust. The author wants to prove to the audience that the idea of vaccination did not just pop into someone’s head just to make money. Rather, to show that humans have been experimenting with the idea of vaccination for hundreds of years. Miller 2 Naro’s goal in using this device is to show that vaccines

The Truth About Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students

The Truth About Thanksgiving Essay The truth behind the tradition is surprising. Thanksgiving and the Pilgrims seem to go together, but the truth is, the Pilgrims never held an autumnal Thanksgiving feast. However the Pilgrims did have a feast in 1621, after their first harvest, and it is this feast, which people often refer to as The First Thanksgiving. This feast was never repeated, though, so it cant be called the beginning of a tradition, nor was it termed by the colonists or Pilgrims a Thanksgiving Feast. In fact, a day of thanksgiving was a day of prayer and fasting, and would have been held any time that they felt an extra day of thanks was called for. Nevertheless, the 1621 feast has become a model that we think of for our own Thanksgiving. The Pilgrims were not the first people to have a celebration of this kind. Many other civilizations held festivals to celebrate the harvest. The ancient Greeks and Romans prayed to the gods and goddesses of the harvest, and also originated the idea of the cornucopiathe horn of plenty. The Jews celebrate the holiday Sukkot, which honors the awards of the harvest, and the Chinese enjoy the celebration of the Harvest Moon. Even native New Yorkers commemorate the harvest long before Thanksgiving arrives. Pumpkins, apples and corn are abundant in the open-air markets of the city beginning in late September. The autumn of 1621 yielded a plentiful harvest and the Pilgrims, gathered together with the Massasoit Indians to reap the awards of hard work. Celebrating Thanksgiving is like celebrating an even that includes the dead of over 11,000 Wampanoag Indians died due to illnesses that they contracted from white settlers. The truth of the matter is, when the Pilgrims arrived, they found an abandoned Wampanoag village and moved right in. In 1618, a massive epidemic of an unknown disease left by English explorers swept across Wampanoag country and decimated many of the villages. This epidemic caused the death of ten to thirty percent of the total population and all but a few of the 2,000 people of the village of Patuxet. When the Pilgrims arrived in 1620, they landed at Patuxet with no idea of what had occurred. At this point, there were only about 2,000 members left in the Wampanoag tribe, down from 12,000 in 1600. Despite the incredible losses to his people, Wampanoag leader Massasoit and 90 of his men sat down for a harvest celebration offered by the white men. For three days the Wampanoag and Pilgrims feasted on deer, wild turkey, fish, beans, squash, corn and other foods native to North America. Although the celebration was good-natured, this event truly signifies the beginning of a drastic decline of native culture and Thanksgiving would be more fittingly observed as a day of mourning rather than a celebration. In the years that followed, skirmishes occurred and more Native Americans were killed. In 1637, English soldiers massacred 700 Pequot men, women and children as an example of the English way of war, yet we still celebrate Thanksgiving as a joyful event. So, as we sit down for our Thanksgiving dinner, let us consider the words of Frank James in his 1970 speech: Today is a time of celebrating for you. .. but it is not a time of celebrating for me. It is with a heavy heart that I look back upon what happened to my people. When the Pilgrims arrived, we, the Wampanoags, welcomed them with open arms, little knowing that it was the beginning of the end.American History

The Sweet Toothed Fairy Essay Example For Students

The Sweet Toothed Fairy Essay It was a very foggy day and Jackie and Jenny were walking down the street to Lauras house. It was so foggy that they couldnt even see their own feet. It was getting dark out fast and they were both kind of scared. They started talking to each other about school when all of a sudden they ran into someone. ?Ahhhhhh? they both cried. They were so scared. They started to run but they looked closer and saw that it was only Lillian. ?Boooo? she said. ?Im the Boogie Man?! They all started to laugh. ?Mistake number one? said Jackie. We will write a custom essay on The Sweet Toothed Fairy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ?No, its number two? said a mysterious voice. ?Uhoh? Jenny said. ?Run?!?Dont run, for its only me, your friend?. A figure stepped out of nowhere. ?Hi ya all, whats up It was Laura. ?Told ya all that this is mistake number two?! Everyone laughed, even Jackie. ?So maybe youre right this time?. ?We were just coming to find you and on our way we ran into Lillian? said Jenny. ?Oh? said Laura. ?Why dont you girls come over to my house, we can have some doughnuts and milk?. ?OK? we all agreed. ?But lets stick together?. We all agreed on that to. We all started walking back holding hands and talking about our favorite things when Jackie tripped over something. ?Ow? she moaned. ?My toe, I just tripped over something?. ?Look, theres an egg or something on the ground, dont step on it?. Laura bent over and picked it up. ?Its heavy, someone help me carry it back to my house, then we can look at it better?. They started running, they were all excited. When they finally arrived at Lauras house, they found that the egg was pink, round and about 5 inches big, but quite heavy. ?Pretty? said Lillian, ?but what is it No one said anything for a minute or so but it seemed like hours. ?Ill get the dictionary? Laura said to break the silence. In a minute Laura came back with the dictionary and started looking through it. When she got to the Fs she stopped and picked up a piece of paper that was laying right by the word fairy. ?Come here everyone and look at this? Laura said. She held up the piece of paper. ?Read it, read it? everyone chanted. ?Okay, okay. It says.. Dear Laura and friends,You have just found an egg that will bring you much adventure. This is a fairy egg. You and your friends will be responsible for hatching this egg and taking care of it until Halloween night when you will go to Night Road and find Wizard Terry Caller and give the fairy to him. To hatch the fairy you shall put the egg in a warm area and chant this poem 3 times:Fairy of beautyFairy of lightCome to me this very nightI will respect you with all of my mightPlease comeThen wait for results. You must feed the fairy like you would feed any human. Feed the fairy chocolate bars or anything sweet. Give her water to drink, remember, you only have to take care of it for 14 days. Sincerely,Terry Caller. and thats all it says?. ?Cool? said Jenny. ?Lets hatch it tonight?. They all agreed. But first they all called their parents and asked if they could sleep over. All of the parents said yes because it was a Friday night. They were excited, but it was only 4:00 pm. They couldnt hatch the egg yet, so they all played games for a while. Time flew. Before they knew it, it was 11:00 pm and time to get down to business. They put the games away and put the egg by the heater. They held hands and closed their eyes and said the poem 3 times and opened their eyes to a big surprise. In place of the egg was a fairy, with a pink dress on and wings of lace. The skin was lavender and seemed to be as smooth as silk. .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 , .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .postImageUrl , .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 , .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0:hover , .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0:visited , .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0:active { border:0!important; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0:active , .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0 .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9b4579796ec5340264acb8068e56fa0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Essay Summary?Its beautiful?, Jackie whispered taking the others out of shock. ?It sure is? Lillian whispered back. ?You can say that again? Laura said. She stood up and picked up the fairy. ?What should we name this cute little fairyIts probably a girl? said Jackie, ?so how about KatieNo we have to think of something different you know, just not normal names. ?Like Ruben, we should name it Ruben? Jenny said. ?That sounds good? said Laura. She looked at the fairy who seemed to be agreeing by nodding her head. ?Ruben it is? Laura said with excitement. Then she said ?Lets go get Ruben some chocolate and water. Follow me?. They gave Ruben her meal and all started talking at once. ?Wow, this is amazing? shouted Lillian. ?I think Im seeing things? Jackie said. ?This is impossible? Jenny said. ?Be quiet you guys. Youll wake my parents? Laura loudly whispered. Everyone quieted down. They looked at Ruben. She was taking the last bites of the chocolate and sipping the last sips of the water. When she was done, Jenny carried her up to Lauras room and put her in the sock drawer where Ruben made herself comfortable and fell fast asleep. So did the rest of them. The next morning their parents picked them up early. So it was just Laura and Ruben they played for a while and Laura found out that Ruben could talk and was an excellent card player. Soon Ruben appeared to be hungry so they went to the kitchen and had lunch together. Then before she knew it, it was Monday and she had to go to school. Ruben couldnt be alone so she came to. At school Laura gave Ruben to Jenny to take care of and on Tuesday Jenny gave Ruben to Jackie and on Wednesday Jackie gave Ruben to Lillian and on Thursday back to Laura and on Friday to Jenny to take care of over the weekend. T!he week flew by, all hav ing a great time with Ruben. On the spelling test on Wednesday Ruben helped Jenny with the word ?Beautiful?. Over the weekend, Jenny had a great time until Sunday afternoon. Jenny called Laura, Lillian and Jackie over and told them that she couldnt find Ruben. They looked everywhere. They couldnt find Ruben. They were about to give up when they walked into the Candy Store when Mr. Carmen, the owner, said ?theres a strange object in the chocolate section. You girls should check it out?. They all ran over to the chocolate section and found Ruben eating a chocolate bar. ?Thank goodness we found you Ruben, youre lucky?. They took Ruben and ran out of the Candy Store. Jenny went home with Ruben and the others went back to their homes. The following week went by really fast. Soon it was Halloween night. They all met at the Night Road with Ruben. They didnt want to say good-bye but they knew they had to. They hugged and even kissed her. Some cried. ?Ill miss you all very much. You were all terrific to me. I love you a lot? said Ruben, ?but please dont cry. I will always be with you in your heart?. They stopped crying and said their final good-byes. Then a shadow appeared out of nowhere and asked for the fairy. ?You mean Ruben, the fairy asked Laura. ?Yes, if that is the fairy in the pink dress and has lavender skin?. ?That would be Ruben all right. Are you Terry CallerThat would be me. Can I have Ruben now, she needs to go back to her own world. If you girls would like to come to the leaving point with me you may? said Terry. ?Just follow me?. They all followed until he came to a stop. ?You girls can say good-bye to Ruben now, she must leave as soon as possible?. .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 , .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .postImageUrl , .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 , .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61:hover , .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61:visited , .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61:active { border:0!important; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61:active , .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61 .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a4ab7338c27a0977a79a0f876420a61:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill A Mocking Bird Essay Thesis?Good-bye Ruben. I love you always? cried Laura. The rest seemed speechless. Finally Jenny managed to say good-bye but that was all. Then they all heard Ruben say ?It is time Master Terry Caller?. Terry let her go. She flew up into the sky and seemed to turn into a star in the sky. And that was that.

Free Essays on Da Vinci

Leonardo Da Vinci is one of the greatest and most ingenious men that history has produced. His contributions in the areas of art, science, and humanity are still among the most important that a single man has put forth, definitely making his a life worth knowing. Da Vinci, born on April 15, 1452, is credited with being a master painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist. He was born an illegitimate child to Catherina, a peasant girl. His father was Ser Piero da Vinci, a public notary for the city of Florence, Italy. For the first four years of his life he lived with his mother in the small village of Vinci, directly outside of the great center of the Renaissance, Florence. Catherina was a poor woman, with possible artistic talent, the genetic basis of Leonardo’s talents. Upon the realization of Leonardo’s potential, his father took the boy to live with him and his wife in Florence (Why did). This was the start of the boy’s education and his q uest for knowledge. Leonardo was recognized by many to be a â€Å"Renaissance child† because of his many talents. As a boy, Leonardo was described as being handsome, strong, and agile. He had keen powers of observation, an imagination, and the ability to detach himself from the world around him. At an early age Leonardo became interested in subjects such as botany, geology, animals (specifically birds), the motion of water, and shadows (About Leonardo). At the age of 17, in about 1469, Leonardo was apprenticed as a garzone (studio boy) to Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his day. In Verrocchio’s workshop Leonardo was introduced to many techniques, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects in marble and bronze. In 1472 he was accepted in the painter’s guild of Florence, and worked there for about six years. While there, Leonardo often painted portions of Verrocchio’ s paintings f... Free Essays on Da Vinci Free Essays on Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci is one of the greatest and most ingenious men that history has produced. His contributions in the areas of art, science, and humanity are still among the most important that a single man has put forth, definitely making his a life worth knowing. Da Vinci, born on April 15, 1452, is credited with being a master painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist. He was born an illegitimate child to Catherina, a peasant girl. His father was Ser Piero da Vinci, a public notary for the city of Florence, Italy. For the first four years of his life he lived with his mother in the small village of Vinci, directly outside of the great center of the Renaissance, Florence. Catherina was a poor woman, with possible artistic talent, the genetic basis of Leonardo’s talents. Upon the realization of Leonardo’s potential, his father took the boy to live with him and his wife in Florence (Why did). This was the start of the boy’s education and his q uest for knowledge. Leonardo was recognized by many to be a â€Å"Renaissance child† because of his many talents. As a boy, Leonardo was described as being handsome, strong, and agile. He had keen powers of observation, an imagination, and the ability to detach himself from the world around him. At an early age Leonardo became interested in subjects such as botany, geology, animals (specifically birds), the motion of water, and shadows (About Leonardo). At the age of 17, in about 1469, Leonardo was apprenticed as a garzone (studio boy) to Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his day. In Verrocchio’s workshop Leonardo was introduced to many techniques, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects in marble and bronze. In 1472 he was accepted in the painter’s guild of Florence, and worked there for about six years. While there, Leonardo often painted portions of Verrocchio’ s paintings f... Free Essays on Da Vinci Da Vinci I chose Leonardo Da Vinci as the greatest renissance personality. I chose Da Vinci because he made many contributions to the time period. Da Vinci was an artist, a scientist, and a philosopher. A lot of the famous artists and thinkers of the time weren’t recognized as being great for many years after their death. The kings and other important people of the time recognized Da Vinci as a great artist. This is why I chose Da Vinci as the greatest renissance personality. Leonardo Da Vinci was born in 1452 on his father’s estate in Vinci, Italy. At 15 his father had noticed Leonardo’s potential and had decided to send him to be an apprentice to the artist Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence. This was also when he first developed an interest in anatomy. In 1482, Leonardo was hired by the duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, to be artist and engineer. He stayed in Milan for seventeen years. There he completed five paintings: two portraits of the 'Last Supper', two versions of 'The Virgin of the Rocks', and a decorative ceiling painting in the Castello Sforzesco. In Florence, he was commissioned to do a number of paintings, but other interests and tasks kept him from finishing them. The most well known piece to survive from this time period was the famous "Mona Lisa". During the years 1513 to 1516, Leonardo was in Rome at the invitation of Cardinal Giuliano de' Medici, brother of Pope Leo X. His work in painting and sculpture over the next seven years remained mostly in the planning stage. But his scientific work flourished. He continued his notebooks with observations and drawings of human anatomy, optics, mechanics, and botanical studies. In 1516, at the age of 65, he accepted an invitation from Francis I, king of France, to leave Italy and work for him. Leonardo spent the last three years of his life in the palace of Cloux, near the king's residence at Amboise, near Tours. He was given the title of "first painter, arch...

Compare and contrast two readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare and contrast two readings - Essay Example Henry David Thoreau is the writer of the seeing literally work and he implies the perspective of seeing and the outcomes of viewing things depends with each person and every other person can see what he or she intends to visualize thus it may be biased. Likewise, Ralph Waldo Emerson is also a writer in the natural literally work thus; a naturalist trying to argue the perception of how we see things should not only be based from what our ancestors had. The past influence, on the beliefs and ideologies are ridiculing whenever we follow what other people had there before since we are more capable of seeing, thinking and discovering things on our own. Emerson argues this since he finds that people are more dependent on the history that they found and want to still follow not because they cannot think but just want to follow the perception. Both are naturalists and are critical thinkers who can also be termed as philosophers as they both argue on the human point of view. In Thoreau’s work, we find that it takes preparation to see things in similar perspectives between two individuals. The more ready one can visualize and use their sight the greater the side of view. For instance, if one was not ready to look at a particular horizon then the existence of some things in the landscape and surroundings will not be evident. It takes the intent to observe and actualize for one to realize the whole range of things and objects that are there. Things can be at a certain place and we rarely see them out of our view though they are not hidden from us. In comparison to Emerson’s, literally work, he thinks that the atmosphere consists of very many stars that shine different rays yet someone can see the atmosphere as being transparent. He also compares to Thoreau work when he states that it takes an open mind to receive the influence of external forces from the universe. In both works therefore, it results to a personal initiative

Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Knowledge - Essay Example t the person may turn out to be as disappointing as the previous one; in which case my knowledge is not based on truth, but only belief which is not ultimately justified How is Justification possible? Justification is often inferential depending on another justified belief. But as this takes us to a slow and roundabout path to establish truth, some theorists argue that there must be some basic beliefs on which our justification can rely on. This theory is termed Foundationalism. Other thinking pattern, termed Coherentism reject the idea of foundationalism. According to this school of thought, it is important that belief system is not mutually contradicting, but must remain consistent, cohesive and within human comprehension. There is yet another alternative theory Reliabilism, which holds that there must be a mechanism which supports our belief system and which is reliable enough to be justified. Our beliefs directly depend on our perception of the world, perception we acquire from books, media and the people. Perception makes us delve under the surface, contents supplied by our experiences. They act rather like a reflective process. There are two schools of thought: Empiricism and Rationalism. What do the empiricists say? According to the empiricists we learn everything through our personal perception that we gain from our own experience. The empiricists emphasized on our sense perception. When we enter this world our mind is a ’blank slate’, holds John Locke. Empiricists, however, concede to certain basic truth such as â€Å" there are no four sided triangles†. What do the rationalists say? Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, belonged to the rationalist school of thought. Descartes argues that ‘ we possess at least some innate knowledge’, such as our faculty for language. Senses often deceive us, e.g., ‘straight stick appears bent in water’, ‘and colored objects may appear gray in the dark.’ In fact we have reason to doubt everything in our external

A Critical Evaluation of The Value of Play Essay Example for Free

A Critical Evaluation of The Value of Play Essay Introduction Play has a vital role in a child’s learning and development. Each adult has their own interpretation of what play is, but play can be interpreted as, ‘children being given the opportunity to use resources and facilities provided in order to develop their skills and expand their knowledge. This can be done spontaneously through imaginative play, and using communication to enhance their independent learning. Play can also be seen as a way a child learns and develops emotionally, physically and socially. DEFINITIONS OF PLAY What is play? Play can be interpreted as, children being given the opportunity to use their imaginative skills, to learn as well as develop their physical, social, emotional and cognitive skills. Play can be child initiated, or adult led, where they provided with resources and support in both situations. Play is an attitude that manifests itself in different behaviours. Gavey (1991) stated â€Å"play was a forward and backwaref 7cd movement where different levels of action, communication, and interaction are needed. It could be regarded as deeply serious and purposeful or trivial and purposeless, (Attfiled 2005). Similarly, (Molyes J) stated â€Å"play is without a doubt the most natural way children learn all over the world†. Babies and young children learn through interaction with an adult, who could be parents, siblings, other family members as well as practitioners who have responsibility of looking after the well-being of a child. However, Froebel stated, play is what children are involved with when they initiate a task and work is what they do when fulfil a task required by an adult. Bruce 2005. The role of an adult is entering a child play that is child initiated, and intervening to extend the play without interfering. Bruce Children need to play with objects and materials and resources in order for play to integrate cognitive processes and stimulate the imagination. The value of play Play is seen as the â€Å"only† way that young children learn and develop their social, physical, cognitive and emotional skills. Bruce(2005) Value of play A practitioner who understands the importance of play, offers children  freedom, where they are able to choose their own activities. * Gives a child freedom * Responsibilities * Child initiated * Adult led * Risks * Consequences Child initiated play Child initiated play can be interpreted as any activity that is started by a child to meet their personal needs and interests, Moyles J (2008). This can alos be seen as active learning, where the childis engaging in the activity they are doing. Bruner argued and put forward children require choice and should be able to make their own decisions in order to learn and develop their skills. For example in a reception class where children are of the age 4-5 years, being given the freedom of being able to choose any activity available to them and to carry out their chosen task or activity in their choice of environment can be seen as child initaitiated play. The adult has no role in the choice of play as the child has the control of what they are setting out to do. However the adult provides the child with resouces. Through child initaied play children learn to become creative through critical thinking. When having achoen an activity to arry out they start to make cnectuoins which transfroms their understanding. Howevr if a child does not understand or have the skill to carry out an activity and feels they want to, they tend to approach an adult who then supports the child by interevening. (BRUCE) the adult can then support the child by scaffolding (BRUNER) for example Similary Vygotakys stated in his theory a childs needs to be independent in order to learn, however a child still requires the adult to present to aide them when needed. For example. By allowing a child the choice of free play they are able to explore DEFINITION By investigating childen learn and are able to ask the adult questions where the adult will support them by asking open eneded question and providing them with encouragement.

Robert Boyle Essay -- essays research papers

Robert Boyle (1627-1691) Robert Boyle was born at Lismore Castle, Munster on 25 January 1627, the fourteenth child and seventh son of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork. Robert Boyle was educated mainly by tutors and himself. He had no formal university education but read widely and made contact with many of the most important natural philosophers of his day, both at home and abroad. He had independent means which enabled him to have his own laboratory and to support religious charities. He was active in the ‘Invisible College’, an informal body devoted to the ‘new philosophy’ which in 1663 became the Royal Society, of which he was a Council member. He moved to Oxford in 1654, where he set up a laboratory with Robert Hooke as his assistant There he did most of his experimental work until 1668 when he went to live in London with his sister Lady Ranelagh. He was made an honorary Doctor of Medicine of Oxford in 1688. In his autobiographical account (Works, vol. 1, pp. xxi–xxvi) he reflects on his noble birth that ‘being born heir to a great family is but a glittering kind of slavery’ and ‘is ever an impediment to the knowledge of many retired truths, that cannot be attained without familiarity with meaner persons’. He indeed developed a keen interest in the work of artisans because they tend to know more than anyone else about the materials of their trades. He makes a general remark about religious beliefs that ‘though we cannot always give a reason for what we believe, we should ever be able to give a reason why we believe it’, which is surely a precept that guided his attitude to natural philosophy as well. Boyle was a prolific writer and experimenter on most scientific subjects that were attracting interest at the time. He investigated some alchemical claims about which he was largely skeptical in his published works. He was a devoutly religious man but wrote mainly about practical and ethical religious matters rather than engaging in theological controversy. He argued for the tolerance of different religious beliefs, and spent a good deal of money on propagating the gospel in New England and the Orient, sponsoring translations of the Bible into foreign languages. He published many experimental reports and did original work on chemical indicators, human blood, color, fire, medicine, and hydrostatics. With Hooke he developed Guericke’s air pump, which he need... ...paratus. He never claimed to have got very far in providing firm empirical evidence for complex corpuscular explanations but he remained optimistic. It has recently been argued, partly on the basis of Boyle’s unpublished notes, that his interest in alchemy has been greatly underestimated by earlier scholars. It is well known that he attempted to confirm many of the alchemists’ experimental claims but he is also said to have believed in the existence of the Philosopher’s Stone and to have accepted some alchemical explanations. It has even been suggested, rather obscurely, that he saw alchemy as connecting the material world with the spiritual world. (Principe, 1994). In his published work he clearly accepts the possibility of the transmutation of metals but that is because a corpuscular explanation would be readily available. He respects the alchemists’ experimental work because he strongly approves of the experimental investigation of the natural world and he thinks that the ‘nobler’ of the alchemists have made important empirical discoveries. His published comments on their theories, their search for the Philosopher’s Stone, and their penchant for secrecy are usually critical.

Principles of Marketing Exam Notes

Principles of Marketing Study Guide Mid-term Exam Fall 2012 Chapter 1 1. What is Marketing? a. The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, capturing, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. It requires thoughtful planning with an emphasis on the ethical implications of any of those decisions on society in general. 2. Marketing requires Product, Price, Place and Promotions decisions. b.The four Ps, or marketing mix, are the controllable set of activities that the firm uses to respond to the wants of its target markets. 3. What is value-based marketing? a. Value reflects the relationship of benefits to costs, or what the consumer gets for what he or she gives. In a marketing context, customers seek a fair return in goods and/or services for their hard-earned money and scarce time. They want products or services that meet their specific needs or wants and that are offered at competitiv e prices. 4. Marketing Impacts Various Stakeholders . Supply chain partners, whether they are manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, or other intermediaries like transportation or warehousing companies, are involved in marketing to one another. Manufacturers sell merchandise to retailers, but the retailers often have to convince manufacturers to sell to them. 5. Marketing Enriches Society * Our people: Committed to excellence, passionate about achieving our goals, eagerly embracing new challenges. * Our strategy: Focused and consistent, delivers sustainable and dependable performance. Our business model: Resilient and proven, relevant in all economies, drives long-term health of the company. * Our brands: Recognized and loved around the world, in strong categories, responsive to advertising and brand building. Chapter 2 6. What is a Marketing Strategy? d. Identifies (1) a firm's target market(s), (2) a related marketing mix—its four Ps—and (3) the bases on which the fi rm plans to build a sustainable competitive advantage. 7. Building a Sustainable Competitive Advantage e. An advantage over the competition that is not easily copied and thus can be maintained over a long period of time.A competitive advantage acts like a wall that the firm has built around its position in a market. This wall makes it hard for outside competitors to contact customers inside—otherwise known as the marketer's target market. 8. The Marketing Plan f. a written document composed of an analysis of the current marketing situation, opportunities and threats for the firm, marketing objectives and strategy specified in terms of the four Ps, action programs, and projected or proforma income (and other financial) statements.The three major phases of the marketing plan are planning, implementation, and control. g. Step 1 of the planning phase. The part of the strategic marketing planning process when marketing executives, in conjunction with other top managers, (1) define the mission or vision of the business and (2) evaluate the situation by assessing how various players, both in and outside the organization, affect the firm's potential for success. , marketing executives, in conjunction with other top managers, define the mission and/or vision of the business. (Step 2). In the implementation phase.The part of the strategic marketing planning process when marketing managers (1) identify and evaluate different opportunities by engaging in segmentation, targeting, and positioning (see STP) and (2) implement the marketing mix using the four Ps. , marketing managers identify and evaluate different opportunities by engaging in a process known as segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) (Step 3). They then are responsible for implementing the marketing mix using the four Ps (Step 4). Finally, the control phase. The part of the strategic marketing planning process when managers evaluate the erformance of the marketing strategy and take any necessary corrective actions. Entails evaluating the performance of the marketing strategy using marketing metrics and taking any necessary corrective actions (Step 5). 9. Growth Strategies h. A market penetration s growth strategy that employs the existing marketing mix and focuses the firm's efforts on existing customers. Such a growth strategy might be achieved by attracting new consumers to the firm's current target market or encouraging current customers to patronize the firm more often or buy more merchandise on each visit. i.A market development growth strategy that employs the existing marketing offering to reach new market segments, whether domestic or international. International expansion generally is riskier than domestic expansion because firms must deal with differences in government regulations, cultural traditions, supply chains, and language. j. Product development growth strategy that offers a new product or service to a firm's current target market. k. A diversification gr owth strategy whereby a firm introduces a new product or service to a market segment that it does not currently serve.Diversification opportunities may be either related or unrelated. In a related diversification growth strategy whereby the current target market and/or marketing mix shares something in common with the new opportunity. In other words, the firm might be able to purchase from existing vendors, use the same distribution and/or management information system, or advertise in the same newspapers to target markets that are similar to their current consumers. l. In an unrelated diversification growth strategy whereby a new business lacks any common elements with the present business.Unrelated diversifications do not capitalize on core strengths associated either with markets or with products. Thus, they would be viewed as being very risky. Chapter 3 10. Why People Act Unethically m. All of us vary in the way we view more complex situations, depending on our ethical understan dings. 11. Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility n. Corporate social responsibility refers to the voluntary actions taken by a company to address the ethical, social, and environmental impacts of its business operations and the concerns of its stakeholders. o.This notion goes beyond the individual ethics that we've discussed so far, but for a company to act in a socially responsible manner, the employees of the company must also first maintain high ethical standards and recognize how their individual decisions lead to optimal collective actions of the firm. Firms with strong ethical climates tend to be more socially responsible. 12. A Framework for Ethical Decision Making p. 13. Integrating Ethics into Marketing Strategy q. Marketers can introduce ethics at the beginning of the planning process simply by including ethical statements in the firm's mission or vision statements. . In the implementation phase of the marketing strategy, when firms are identifying potential markets a nd how to successfully deliver the 4Ps to them, firms must consider several ethical issues. Chapter 4 14. The Immediate Environment s. t. In the immediate environment, the first factor that affects the consumer is the firm itself. Successful marketing firms focus on satisfying customer needs that match their core competencies. Competition also significantly affects consumers in the immediate environment.It is therefore critical that marketers understand their firm's competitors, including their strengths, weaknesses, and likely reactions to the marketing activities that their own firm undertakes. Few firms operate in isolation. For example, automobile manufacturers collaborate with suppliers of sheet metal, tire manufacturers, component part makers, unions, transport companies, and dealerships to produce and market their automobiles successfully. Parties that work with the focal firm are its corporate partners. 15. Macro-environmental Factors u. Macro environmental factors Aspects o f the external environment that ffect a company's business, such as the culture, demographics (age, gender, and race), social issues, technological advances, economic situation, and political/regulatory environment. 16. Corporate Social Responsibility v. Chapter 5 17. The Consumer Decision Process w. x. 18. Factors Influencing the Consumer Decision Process y. The consumer decision process can be influenced by several factors. First are the elements of the marketing mix, which we discuss throughout this book. Second are psychological factors, which are influences internal to the customer, such as motives, attitudes, perception, and learning.Third, social factors, such as family, reference groups, and culture, also influence the decision process. Fourth, there are situational factors, such as the specific purchase situation, a particular shopping situation, or temporal state (the time of day), that affect the decision process. 19. Involvement and Consumer Buying Decisions z. Consumers engage in two types of buying processes/decisions depending on their level of involvement: extended problem solving for high-priced or risky goods; and limited problem solving, which includes impulse buying and habitual decision making. {.Involvement is the consumer's interest in a product or service. Chapter 6 20. B2B Markets |. 21. The Business to Business Buying Process }. 22. Factors affecting the Buying Process ~. The Buying Center i. The buying center is a group of people typically responsible for the buying decisions in large organizations. Participants can range from employees who have a formal role in purchasing decisions (i. e. , the purchasing or procurement department) to members of the design team that is specifying the particular equipment or raw material needed by employees who will be using a new machine that is being ordered.All these employees are likely to play different roles in the buying process, which vendors must understand and adapt to in their marketing an d sales efforts. ii. One or more people may take on a certain role, or one person may take on more than one of the following roles: (1) initiator: The buying center participant who first suggests buying the particular product or service. , the person who first suggests buying the particular product or service; (2) influencer: The buying center participant whose views influence other members of the buying center in making the final decision. the person whose views influence other members of the buying center in making the final decision; (3) decider: The buying center participant who ultimately determines any part of or the entire buying decision—whether to buy, what to buy, how to buy, or where to buy. , the person who ultimately determines any part of or the entire buying decision—whether to buy, what to buy, how to buy, or where to buy; (4) buyer: The buying center participant who handles the paperwork of the actual purchase. the person who handles the paperwork of t he actual purchase; (5) user: The person who consumes or uses the product or service purchased by the buying center. , the person who consumes or uses the product or service; and (6) gatekeeper: The buying center participant who controls information or access to decision makers and influencers. , the person who controls information or access, or both, to decision makers and influencers. . Organizational Culture iii. ———————————————— A firm's organizational culture reflects the set of values, traditions, and customs that guide a firm's employees' behavior. The firm's culture often comprises a set of unspoken guidelines that employees share with one another through various work situations. . Buying Situations In a new buy a purchase of a good or service for the first time; the buying decision is likely to be quite involved because the buyer or the buying organization does n ot have any experience with the item.A modified rebuy refers to when the buyer has purchased a similar product in the past but has decided to change some specifications, such as the desired price, quality level, customer service level, options, or so forth. Straight rebuys refers to when the buyer or buying organization simply buys additional units of products that have previously been purchased. A tremendous amount of B2B purchases are likely to fall in the straight rebuy category. Chapter 9 23. The Marketing Research Process . The first step is to define objectives and research needs, which sounds so simple that managers often gloss over it.But this step is crucial to the success of any research project because, quite basically, the research must answer those questions that are important for making decisions. In the second step, designing the research project, researchers identify the type of data that is needed, whether primary or secondary, on the basis of the objectives of the project from Step 1, and then determine the type of research that enables them to collect those data. The third step involves deciding on the data collection process and collecting the data.The process usually starts with exploratory research methods such as observation, in-depth interviews, or focus groups. The information gleaned from the exploratory research is then used in conclusive research, which may include a survey, an experiment, or the use of scanner and panel data. The fourth step is to analyze and interpret the data and develop insights. The fifth and final step is to develop an action plan and implementation. Although these steps appear to progress linearly, researchers often work backward and forward throughout the process as they learn at each step. 4. Secondary Data and Primary Data . Primary: Data collected to address specific research needs. . Secondary: Pieces of information that have already been collected from other sources and are readily available. 25. Explor atory Research . Attempts to begin to understand the phenomenon of interest, also provides initial information when the problem lacks any clear definition. 26. Conclusive Research . Provides the information needed to confirm preliminary insights, which managers can use to pursue appropriate courses of action.

`` Common Sense `` By Thomas Paine - 1202 Words

According to Thomas Paine s pamphlet, he had supported the American Revolution that refers to â€Å"American Independence†. The objective to write â€Å"Common Sense† is that challenged to the British government and motivated American to follow their own destiny. Furthermore, His written work was the first time that asked for independence from Britain. The inspiration of Thomas came from the suggestion of Benjamin Rush who is an outspoken defender of American rights from Great Britain. Common Sense was both reveals independence from England and the creation of a democratic republic. In the revolution, the thirteen colonies supported this revolution by rejecting the British government. Additionally, denying the monarchy and aristocracy of British as well as resisting British oppressive government. As Paine having an argument in his small book, he encouraged American to chip off and declared independence from the Great Britain. The declaration indicated three main points is that the natural right, British wrongs and independence. In the pamphlet, the British government doing unfairly with their colonies by just focused on their own benefits whether was due to heavy taxation, British occupation of colonies and invasion of natural rights. In the Bible, there was determined that there should have not a king in this world. With the royal heirs in Britain, the highest heir will become the next king. By doing this, Paine resisted as it was also revealed in the pamphlet. If the colonistsShow MoreRelatedCommon Sense by Thomas Paine859 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Common Sense† Common Sense is a pamphlet made in 1775-76 by Thomas Paine. This pamphlet inspired the thirteen colonies to declare war and fight for independence against Great Britain. It was straight forward and told Great Britain exactly the advantages of being independent from them. On January 10, 1776 during the American Revolution, the pamphlet was published and became a huge topic in the community. It was the biggest talk of the colonies. In proportion to the population, the book was the biggestRead MoreCommon Sense by Thomas Paine1396 Words   |  6 PagesCommon Sense was written by Thomas Paine and published in 1776. Paine wrote it as a plea for the American people to break away from Britain and to declare independence from the king. He was asking his audience to take a step back and see that just because something is tradition, does not mean it is necessarily right. Paine wanted to show his readers that government and society is not the same thing, which is how most people viewed it. Society was something that people should want to have, whileRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine957 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical pamphlet known as Common Sense was written by Thomas Paine in 1776. This pamphlet contributed in promoting the independence of America. In the pamphlet Thomas Paine challenged the American colonists to separate from England and create a democratic and independent society. Along with challenging the American colonists, he hinted at his own opinions about a democratic government that America should plan towards if they seek to separate from England. Thomas Paine also bluntly proposed thatRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1574 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Sense was written by an Englishman, Thomas Paine, who came to the American Colonies in 1774. He had strong opinions about the British Monarchy – and monarchy in general – including the fact that by nothing more than an accident of birth one man had rule over so many other humans. He v iewed this elevation to monarch unnatural as all men are created equal. Additionally, Paine notes that â€Å"there is something exceedingly ridiculous in the composition of Monarchy; it first excludes a man fromRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1036 Words   |  5 PagesCommon Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain. It was actually first published anonymously. Thomas Paine’s basic theme throughout Common Sense is that government is a â€Å"necessary evil†. His argument begins with more general reflections about government and religion, then progresses onto the specifics. There is a quote from the first page of Common Sense that lays out Paine s general conceptionRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1244 Words   |  5 PagesIndependance, Why They Should Thomas Paine, an English political philosopher and writer made his way to the colonies when his good friend, Benjamin Franklin convinced him to do so. He worked as an editor for the Pennsylvania Magazine. Although, published anonymously in 1776, Paine was the man behind Common Sense, a political pamphlet that was distributed between all the colonies and challenged the British government by suggesting American Independency. Paine wrote the Common Sense because in his mind heRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine992 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica what it is today. Common Sense by Thomas Paine was inspiring to many American colonists as it was persuasive in showing how the colonists should have their own independence. Paine appealed the average citizen’s rationale, hence the title Common Sense. Paine’s pamphlet illustrates the importance of independence, and argues that colonial life under British rule was detrimental to America’s potential to become prosperous. In a fairly lengthy, but readable style, Paine discusses the differencesRead MoreThomas Paine And Common Sense1579 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Paine and Common Sense In colonial America, Britain’s colonies were subjected to many Parliamentary acts that were considered to be, by many of the colonists, oppressive. The Declaratory Act, the Coercive Acts, and numerous other tax-based acts were just a few of the many examples of the controlling behavior displayed by the British Parliament toward their North American colonies. This seemingly oppressive behavior by the British Parliament had not gone unnoticed by those outside ofRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1438 Words   |  6 PagesKayla Boucher Doctor Hockin AMH 2010 22 January 2015 Common Sense The book Common Sense by Thomas Paine was an American pamphlet written during the American Revolution, which was around the time when America was trying to gain independence from Britain. Paine discusses government, religion, and colonial issues. In the first chapter Paine differentiates between the society and the government. He described the society as being positive and constructive and he described the government beingRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine770 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine first published Common Sense anonymously in 1776 and immediately became popular. I choose to read Common Sense by Thomas Paine, in order to know America and hopefully to understand the philosophy behind the founding of the country and how its government system was set up to function. In my opinion, one of the main reasons Thomas Paine’s pamphlet became favoured was because Paine used a lot of common sense opinions that most people could understand. In his pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas